{
    "type_id": 1,
    "id": 509,
    "pages": {
        "photos": "photos.asp?t=1&c=509&st=1",
        "adverts": "photos.asp?t=2&c=509&st=1",
        "links": "links.asp?c=509&st=1",
        "docs": "docs.asp?c=509&st=1",
        "comments": "forum.asp?c=509&st=1"
    },
    "image": "https://www.old-computers.com/museum/photos/lemz_agat_2s.jpg",
    "company_link": "company.asp?st=1&m=177",
    "company_name": "LEMZ",
    "company_logo": "https://www.old-computers.com/museum/logos/lemz_logo.gif",
    "description": "This computer was called \"Yablotchko\" (small apple) by the westerners as this is a poor copy of the Apple II. And to prove that the Agat is really copied on the Apple, the ROM still has Steve Wozniak's name in memory ! Its operating system and ROM are nearly identical to the Apple II's, but instead of a single board, it uses several chip modules.\nAgat was produced in a military company based in Moscow called \"LEMZ\" which stands for \"Linozovo (district in Moscow) electronics-mechinical manufacturer\". They started producing it in 1985, although prototypes were available in 1984 or probably erlier. Designers of that computer were actually hobbysts and LEMZ picked their design when managers from that company came across Agat designers at an exhibition.\nElorg didn't produce any Agat systems. They were just the exclusive distributer of Russian microelectronics products outside of USSR, and as matter of fact tried to promote Agats in Eastern Europe...\nAgat was built first around a multi-chip processor, clone of one of the LSI-11 processors, but then a real MOS6502 was used. The system is composed of three parts : a screen, a keyboard and a central unit. The screen is in fact a real 30cm Secam (russian standard) television, which is connected to the computer through a 1m long cord (DIN9). The keyboard is composed of cyrillic and latin keys (33 keys) plus function keys and a numeric keypad. It uses the layout of the standard Russian typewriter.\nThere is a built-in 5??1/4 disk-drive into the right part of the central unit. The operating system is not exactly the same as the Apple OS and it?s impossible to start an Apple II with this OS nor an Agat with the Apple OS. On the other hand, once the OS is loaded, it?s possible to read the same disk or run the same programs on both systems. But there were some serious incompatibility problems with first models.\nThere is no way to add a second disk-drive as there is no other connector apart from monitor, keyboard, printer and cassette interface. In the same way, there are no way to expand the original 64k RAM...\nThe Agat can operate under three graphic modes : low, medium and high, which are compatible with the Apple?s graphic features. The cyrillic characters displayed on the screen are said to have been conceived by the russian engineers with the Apple Tool Kit. \nIt was principally meant for education and was the object of some important early educational experimentats such as ?Schkol'nitza? which took place in a Novosibirsk school. Schkol'nitza, which means schoolgirl in russian, was a system developped to assist the teacher in its classroom. It was composed of several Agat computers and software packages. The teacher, who had a computer, a printer and the disks, could command all the network to ask questions, correct the answers, display maps or what he wanted on the pupils' screens. \nIt seems like Elorg and the USSR had plans to export the Agat for $17000 ! ! Quite expensive for a bad Apple II clone...\nAt that time it was impossible for a normal citizen to buy a micro-computer for its own use as all the computers there were for the education, the army, the research or some privileged persons...\nThe original Agat was followed by several other models, from which the <b>Agat-7</b> and the <b><a href=\"computer.asp?c=510\">Agat-9</a></b>.\nThe Agat-7, conceived in 1986, introduced the expansion feature which was the main weakness of the original Agat and had an optional full Apple compatibility card available.\nThe Agat-9, produced a bit later, was a fully compatible Apple II+ system with real expansion possibilities (6 non-apple compatible slots). It was then possible to find memory expansion cards, serial cards, additional disk-drives and even network cards. In fact the Agat-9 was also compatible with the more exotic Pravetz-8 and Tzyntzy computers.",
    "name": "Agat",
    "manufacturer": "LEMZ",
    "type": "Professional Computer",
    "origin": "Russia",
    "year": "1983",
    "end_of_production": "Unknown",
    "built_in_language": "BASIC interpreter & assembler",
    "keyboard": "74 keys full-stroke keyboard with 15 function keys and numeric keypad<br>Cyrillic and latin keys",
    "cpu": "6502 or russian clone",
    "speed": "Unknown",
    "co_processor": "Unknown",
    "ram": "64 KB, 128 KB or 256 KB",
    "rom": "32 KB",
    "text_modes": "32 x 32, 64 x 32",
    "graphic_modes": "64 x 64 (16 colors), 128 x 128 (8 colors), 256 x 256 (black & white)",
    "colors": "16",
    "sound": "Speaker only",
    "size_weight": "460 x 350 x 160 cm / 9 Kg",
    "io_ports": "printer, monitor, casette interface, keyboard, 7 internal expansion slots, parallel port",
    "built_in_media": "one 5''1/4 disk-drive",
    "power_supply": "Internal Power Supply (220v, 60w)",
    "peripherals": "Unknown",
    "price": "$600-1000 (USSR, 1984)",
    "photos": [
        {
            "name": "Lemz Agat ",
            "image": "https://www.old-computers.com/museum/photos/lemz_agat_2.jpg",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "name": "Agat drawing ",
            "image": "https://www.old-computers.com/museum/photos/elorg_agat_2.jpg",
            "description": "This drawing was made by westerners in the 80's, as pictures of russian computers were quite rare and difficult to get.\r\n<br><br>\r\nWe can easily see the three parts of the Agat : tv, keyboard and main case where the 5''1/4 disk-drive is mounted."
        }
    ],
    "adverts": [
        {
            "image": "https://www.old-computers.com/museum/adverts/agat_ad-elorg_1.jpg",
            "name": "Russian advert - pag..."
        },
        {
            "image": "https://www.old-computers.com/museum/adverts/agat_ad-elorg_2.jpg",
            "name": "Russian advert - pag..."
        },
        {
            "image": "https://www.old-computers.com/museum/adverts/agat_ad-elorg_3.jpg",
            "name": "Russian advert - pag..."
        }
    ],
    "links": [
        {
            "url": "computer.asp?st=1&c=510",
            "name": "LEMZ - Agat 9",
            "description": "Has information about the Agat and other obscure Apple clones"
        },
        {
            "url": "http://www.applefritter.com/appleclones/other.html",
            "name": "Applefritter",
            "description": "Has quite interesting infos about the Agat"
        },
        {
            "url": "http://seller2001.euro.ru/desc/desc_other_agat.htm",
            "name": "Ex-USSR and Russian computers",
            "description": "Mostly focused on the history, but has some info"
        },
        {
            "url": "http://www.bashedu.ru/konkurs/tarhov/english/index_e.htm",
            "name": "Museum of the USSR computers history",
            "description": "Very interesting article, has some words about the Agat"
        },
        {
            "url": "http://www.chscene.ch/ccc/habi2/054_soviet_computer_technology.html",
            "name": "Soviet Computer Technology"
        }
    ]
}

{
    "id": 342,
    "name": "LEMZ Agat",
    "shortName": "lemz-agat",
    "url": "https://emutopia.com/index.php/emulators/category-items/3-emulators/342-lemz-agat",
    "type": "Computers",
    "emulators": [
        475
    ]
}